Dissonance and Atonality Dissonance: Unsettling combinations of notes that clash or create tension. Atonality: Music that lacks a clear key or tonal center, often used to unsettle the listener. 2. Low-Frequency Sounds Deep, rumbling bass tones create a sense of foreboding or impending danger. Sub-bass frequencies can evoke a visceral, almost physical response. 3. Repetition and Rhythm Repetitive patterns or rhythms can create a hypnotic, trance-like effect, lulling the listener into a false sense of security before a sudden change. Uneven or irregular rhythms can increase tension. 4. High-Pitched Sounds High-pitched screeches or shrieks, often created with strings or synths, are classic horror sounds (think of the iconic "Psycho" shower scene). These sounds can mimic human screams or other distress signals. 5. Silence and Dynamics Strategic use of silence can heighten the impact of sudden loud noises or musical stings. Dynamics (the volume variations) can create jump scares by rapidly shifting from quiet to loud. 6. Sound Effects Incorporating eerie sound effects like whispers, creaks, or footsteps can add to the atmosphere. Sounds from non-musical sources, like distorted voices or environmental noises, can make the music feel more immersive. 7. Unusual Instruments Instruments like the theremin, waterphone, or bowed saw are often used in horror music for their eerie, otherworldly sounds. 8. Tension and Release Building tension over time without providing immediate release can keep the listener on edge. Sudden, unexpected changes can create a jarring, frightening effect. Example Tracks: Bernard Herrmann's "Psycho" Theme: A classic example of high-pitched, dissonant strings. Mike Oldfield's "Tubular Bells" (from The Exorcist): Repetitive, hypnotic melody that slowly builds tension. John Carpenter's "Halloween" Theme: Minimalistic, repetitive piano theme with a relentless, unsettling rhythm.